Company
There are two types
of companies that could be established: a Limited Liability Company (LLC) and a
Joint-Stock Company. Both types of entities have a legal identity. The minimum
paid in capital for a LLC is 5,000 TL and requires at least 2 founders (maximum
50). For a Joint-Stock Company, the paid in capital is 50,000 TL and requires at
least 5 founders. It should be noted that the paid in capital for both types of
companies are not immediately due at incorporation; 1/4 of the capital is
required within 3 months after establishment and the remainder within 3 years.
To register for a LLC, we would have to lodge a petition to the provincial trade
registration office, and for a Joint-Stock Company, the registration process
would have to be done with the Ministry of Industry and Trade. The current
corporate tax in Turkey is a flat rate of 20%.
Liaison Office
A liaison
office, like the branch office, does not have a legal personality as it is
viewed as an extension of the company. A key difference is that the liaison
office can not engage in commercial activities; it can only act a contact point,
conduct market research, or coordinate marketing efforts of the company. Permits
to establish a liaison office are issued by the Directorate of Foreign
Investment of the Undersecretariat of Treasury and are valid for a period of 3
years from their issuance and can be extended upon application.
Branch Office
A branch office
does not have a separate legal identity as it is seen as an extension of a
foreign company. Any income originating from the branch is taxed by the Turkish
government as a non-resident company. To establish a branch, your company would
have to gain permission from the Ministry of Trade and Commerce and register
with the regional Trade Registry Office.